The vote, which followed a motion tabled by the opposition, was defeated by 38 votes to 11 votes, with one abstention.
Earlier, justifying its motion, Vanuatu's opposition listed eight acts which it said had allowed the prime minister's office to be called into question.
It said proposed constitutional amendments were poorly considered and consulted.
It alleged that the government's endorsement of income tax and the PACER Plus trade agreement was also poorly consulted and threatened the livelihoods of ni-Vanuatu and the wider economy.